TangentNumbers.frink

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// Calculation of Tangent Numbers, which can be used to also calculate
// Bernoulli numbers.
//
//  These can be used to derive the tangent of a number by:
//
//  tan[z] = sum[n>0, Tn * z^(2n-1)/(2n-1)!]
//
// See:
//  http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.0286 (Brent)
//  http://mathworld.wolfram.com/TangentNumber.html
//  http://oeis.org/A000182
//  https://www.petervis.com/mathematics/maclaurin_series/maclaurin_series_tanx.html
//
//  See:
//   Fast Algorithms for High-Precision Computation of Elementary Functions,
//   Richard P. Brent, 2006
//   https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bf5a/ce09214f071251bfae3a09a91100e77d7ff6.pdf
//
// This implements the algorithm in figure 2 of the Brent paper.
//
//  The main problem for using this to calculate tangents to arbitrary
// precision is that this algorithm alters numbers in-place in several passes,
// and doesn't allow easy calculation of more tangent numbers if you decide
// you need more.
//
//  Another problem with using Tangent Numbers around 90 degrees is that
// this converges very slowly and may require way too many terms.
//
//  We could also try using Newton's method to invert arctan[x] which
//  has a simple series expansion,
//  arctan[x] = sum[(-1)^k x^(2k+1) / (2k + 1),  {k, 0, infinity}]
//  but this only converges for abs[x] <= 1, x != +/- i
// 
tangentNumbers[n] :=
{
   t = new array
   t@1 = 1

   for k = 2 to n
      t@k = (k-1) t@(k-1)

   for k = 2 to n
      for j = k to n
          t@j = (j-k) t@(j-1) + (j-k+2) t@j

   return t 
}


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This is a program written in the programming language Frink.
For more information, view the Frink Documentation or see More Sample Frink Programs.

Alan Eliasen was born 19945 days, 15 hours, 17 minutes ago.